Hypertension refers to a number of diseases related to the cardiovascular system. What is hypertension and how is it expressed? In medicine, this disease is called arterial hypertension, it is expressed by regular high blood pressure in people (from 190 to 40 ml of mercury and above). Disease is a common problem of humanity.
Causes of hypertension
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that develops over a long time and does not manifest itself in any way. The causes and favorable conditions in which hypertension occurs are absolutely universal:
- accommodations;
- stressful situations;
- professional activity;
- electromagnetic fields and radiation;
- nutritional features;
- developmental pathology;
- diabetes;
- elevated cholesterol.
Also, the cause of hypertension is a genetic predisposition. The causes of hypertension in women are due to difficult childbirth or postpartum stress.
Symptoms of pathology
Very often, the first signs of hypertension do not arouse suspicion, as these are the consequences of ordinary fatigue and overwork. But if you feel a regular manifestation of symptoms and when you measure the pressure it is constantly elevated, you should definitely consult a doctor. Signs of hypertension in the initial stage:
- headache (develops in the occipital region and surrounds the head), which can occur at any time of the day, aggravated by bending or sudden movements;
- pain in the heart area, with experiences and stress;
- buzzing in the ears;
- dizziness, blurred vision.
- feeling anxious;
- throbbing sensation in the head;
- excessive work.
As the disease progresses, the symptoms of hypertension worsen, the hypertensive patient shows excessive sweating, swelling of the face, swelling of the hands and memory impairment.
A hypertensive crisis is an exacerbation that occurs in a patient with hypertension. An exacerbation is characterized by a sharp increase in blood pressure. This condition can be caused by stress, exercise or discontinuation of medication.
Patients with hypertension during exacerbation experience the following condition:
- feeling nauseous (vomiting may begin);
- sharp darkness in the eyes;
- dyspnea;
- feeling of severe pain in the head and chest;
- facial flushing.
Diagnosing
| Basic diagnostic methods | Description |
|---|---|
| Pressure measurement | A portable medical device is attached to the patient's belt and a handcuff is placed on the shoulder. After some time intervals, the cuff inflates and the portable device will adjust the pressure. During the day, blood pressure is recorded every 10-15 minutes, and at night - every 30 minutes. |
| Blood and urine test | The analysis is able to determine the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium, calcium, glucose, creatine, shows the level of cholesterol. |
| Instrumental diagnosis of the heart |
|
| Eye examination | An ophthalmologist performs an eye examination. In the initial stage of the disease, retinal veins expand and arteries narrow. |
| Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands | With an increase in pressure, the nephrons, the filter for blood, die in the kidneys. This can result in kidney failure. Medical ultrasound of the kidneys reveals: tumors in the adrenal glands, possible pathologies of the kidney tissue. |
Treatment of pathology
During treatment, patients should lead a calm lifestyle, in which neither stress nor emotional overload is present. Patients should spend more time outside, it is good to take long walks in the forest, in the park, near the reservoir. It is imperative to follow a diet, as proper nutrition is the key to successful treatment of arterial hypertension.
mEDICAL
Treatment of hypertension depends on the stage of the disease. The main goal of treatment is to minimize the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and prevent the threat of death.
The goal of drug therapy is to reduce blood pressure, namely to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of the treatment of hypertension, mono and combined therapy is suitable. When ineffective, use low doses of antihypertensive drug combinations.
Drug treatment for hypertension is prescribed by the attending physician after studying the results of the diagnosis. If hypertension appears, then therapy is carried out with drugs such as:
- Alpha and beta blockers are prescribed for patients with cardiovascular problems. To prevent heart complications, these are the best, but not the best, tools.
- Vasodilators reduce pressure, but can be used for a long period, as the drug is addictive (use no more than 2 weeks).
- Diuretics and calcium antagonists result in a long-lasting effect. These drugs gradually normalize blood pressure.
- Administration of calcium blockers together with diuretics. These drugs block the absorption of calcium from the vessels, as a result they expand and the pressure decreases.
Folk remedies
- Beetroot. Beetroot juice should be consumed 3 times per 24 hours, 0. 5-2 cups (2-3 weeks).
- Black chokeberry. To be treated with this method, you need to drink juice 3 times a day (2 weeks). Then the wait is interrupted for a week, after which the treatment continues.
- Garlic. 3 heads of garlic and 3 lemons should be ground in a meat grinder. The woman pours 1, 25 liters. boiling water, infused for a day, mixed. Take 50 ml 30 minutes before meals and before going to bed (3 weeks).
- Blueberries and honey. You need to mix half a glass of cranberry juice and half a glass of honey. Reception is carried out 3 times a day, 1 teaspoon for 2 weeks.
- Medicinal herbs are used as non-drug treatment of hypertension: chamomile, St. John's wort, mushrooms, calendula clover. Decoctions from these plants can be used to treat and prevent the causes of hypertension, as they have a calming and anti-stress effect.
Diet for hypertension
Treatment of hypertension includes diet as an important factor in recovery. Diet in hypertension plays an important role. Therefore, there are recommendations related to diet. Limit salty, fried and fatty foods. You should eliminate butter, beef, mayonnaise, yogurt from your diet. Instead of animal fats, you should choose vegetable fats. Simpler food is recommended: cereals, vegetables and fruits, foods containing potassium (cottage cheese, potatoes, citrus fruits, dried fruits, oatmeal). Diet and choosing the right foods will help lower cholesterol, which in turn will lower blood pressure, as well as reduce the harmful effects of sodium on health.
The main rule if arterial hypertension appears and is detected is simple - you should see a doctor, as a person with hypertension should be treated under his control.
What is dangerous?
Causes a disorder of the central nervous system:
- headache;
- reduction of work capacity;
- stroke
Causes disorders in internal organs:
- Acute kidney failure. There is an uneven distribution of blood throughout the body.
- Ischemia of the heart. With a significant load, the heart begins to grow like a muscle, and the vessels do not develop, the oxygen supply is interrupted, while the work force does not change, an overload occurs.
- Visual impairment (dilation of large vessels and narrowing of small vessels).
- Violation of sexual function (in men it occurs due to interrupted blood supply to the penis, which can cause blockage of the arteries that feed it).
Hypertension includes a number of additional abnormalities. Developing and progressive hypertension carries with it serious consequences that make it more difficult to treat the pathology. The risk of stroke and heart attack increases significantly with arterial hypertension. The more the hypertension progresses, the more severe the deviation becomes.