Hypertension

Hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure level has increased steadily, which is fixed by repeated measurements. Increased pressure is a companion factor in many diseases and can cause the development of complications from the cardiovascular system.

Hypertension requires constant control and drug treatment. At the modern MedcentrService clinic you can undergo a thorough examination, if necessary, the doctor will choose effective therapy.

Varieties of arterial hypertension

The most common mixed form of hypertension, in which systolic and diastolic pressure is raised. Less often, only one type of blood pressure is increasing, which is characteristic of the elderly.

Due to the appearance, 2 types of arterial hypertension are distinguished:

Primary or essential. It is impossible to determine the exact cause of the disease, as there are no pathologies that can provoke an increase in pressure. Most often, essential hypertension occurs due to stresses, a sedentary lifestyle, as a result of a genetic predisposition. Secondary a consequence of other diseases, you can accurately determine the cause of increased pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops if a person has kidney disease.

Depending on the level of systolic and diastolic pressure, 3 degrees hypertension:

1 degree. Continues in a mild form, there is an increase in systolic blood pressure to 140 mm Hg. Art. , Diastolic - up to 90 mm Hg. Art. 2 degrees. Moderate, pressure increases to 180/110 mm RT. Art. Organic lesions of the organs of the cardiovascular system can be observed. 3 degrees. There is an increase in systolic and/or diastolic pressure at the 200/115 mm Hg mark. Art. This condition can cause serious complications, as blood supply to the internal organs is disturbed.

Important! If the first degree hypertension is not treated, then there is a high probability that the disease progresses. Very high pressure indicators can provoke a hypertensive crisis, which is filled with stroke.

Complications

With a long or severe course of hypertension, complications can occur. Among the most dangerous, they highlight:

Brain lesion that develops in a stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable, and the rehabilitation period takes a long time. Heart disease and circulatory system - myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm. Kidney disease. Against the backdrop of arterial hypertension, renal failure may develop, an imbalance can occur in the volume of salt and fluid in the body.

Frequent complication is the hypertensive crisis. Periodic short -term pressure elevators are associated with severe headaches, vomiting and rapid heartbeat.

Diagnosis and examination with increased blood pressure

Hypertension can lead to serious complications, so it is important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner. First, you need to measure the pressure and examine the so -called target organs.

The steps needed to make the diagnosis of "hypertension" and calculate the severity of the disease:

Pressure measurement is independent periodic at home, in the doctor's office. The passage of blood and urine tests. Evaluation of heart muscle work - performed using a phone phone or more detailed - through an ECG or heart ultrasound. Dopplerography - allows you to evaluate the state of blood that passes through the vessel to the heart. Arteriography - makes it possible to see the condition of the arterial walls. Last eye inspection - indispensable at the initial stage of hypertension. With an increase in retinal vein pressure, the eyes expand and the arteries are narrowed. Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands - the study allows you to evaluate kidney work, identify renal tissue damage.

Important! In the first signs of hypertension, you should definitely consult a doctor. Timely diagnosis and complete examination will allow you to choose effective treatment and avoid complications.

Preventing hypertension

To prevent hypertension, you should adhere to a number of simple recommendations:

Regularly measure blood pressure, direct a diary with its indicators. Even a small deviation of 10 mm Hg. Art. Systolic or diastolic blood pressure, if this happens regularly, can become an alarming bell. Follow the path of life - motor activity, food, exclude bad habits. Study regularly with your doctor.

Compliance with these simple rules will help minimize risks.

Rules for measuring blood pressure to diagnose arterial hypertension

To get an objective view when measuring the pressure, it is important:

At least half an hour before the procedure, the abandonment of smoking, consumption of tea, coffee, alcohol and other stimulating drinks, meals and physical exercise. When measuring the pressure, take a suitable position and do not skip your feet. The manometer should be at the level of the heart. To minimize errors, it is recommended to repeat the procedure 2-3 times. The difference between the indicators in the left and right hand can be 10 mm Hg. Art. Or even 20 mm Hg. Art.

To get an objective look, measure the pressure at home regularly and add data to the diary.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases among people of different ages. Therefore, it is important to be responsible for your health and periodically examine your doctor.

Causes of hypertension

Sometimes blood pressure can increase in an absolutely healthy person - this is a natural reaction of the body to stress and physical activity. If in a calm state, at least with three control measurements, there is an increase in blood pressure to 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Or more, there is a probability of a diagnosis - hypertension.

The disease develops due to impaired mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. There are several reasons that provoke increased blood pressure:

Congenital or obtained renal arterial hypertension. In the event of a violation of renal blood flow, the kidneys are released into the body an increased amount of substance called renin. As a result, a spasm of small vessels occurs, the vascular walls are gradually thickened, a surplus of the fluid is delayed in the bloodstream. The processes described increase the load on the heart, provoke an increase in blood pressure. Nerve overload. Stress and chronic fatigue often lead to the development of hypertension. Hormonal dysfunctions and metabolic disorder. They lead to circulatory disorders in the tissue.

There is often an increase in blood pressure with age. For people 20-40 years, normal pressure is 120/70-130/80 mm Hg. Art. , 40-60 years - 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , Over 60 years - 140/90–150/90 mm Hg. Art.

A very common cause of pathology is inheritance. Also, factors provoking high pressure include:

smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages; sedentary lifestyle; overweight; Improper food.

If a person has a history of at least one of the above risk factors, it is recommended to regularly suffer a physical examination and take all the necessary tests. It is important to consider that hypertension in the initial stage can develop without pronounced symptoms.

Symptoms of hypertension

Hypertension is a secret disease. In the initial phase, the pathology may not be shown on its own, but the asymptomatic course is no less dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to measure blood pressure regularly and undergo a medical examination. This is especially important for patients from a risk group.

The first symptoms of hypertension:

frequent headaches; nose bleeding; violation of heart rhythm; vision of vision; tinnitus in the ears.

With more severe hypertension, the above symptoms can be joined:

weakness; nausea; vomiting; muscle tremor; confusion; Chest pain.

Often people write the appearance of hypertension symptoms to general fatigue. But when the first alarming bells appear, you should consult a doctor immediately. With increased pressure, the heart and kidneys work with maximum load, which can lead to hypertonic crisis, cardiac and renal failure.

Hypertension

Hypertension is a chronic disease, in the treatment of which a comprehensive approach is needed:

Lifestyle change - it is recommended to increase motor activity, monitor diet; Using medication therapy will help lower blood pressure and avoid complications.

Pay attention! Only a doctor can prescribe drug treatment and choose the drug dose. You can't yourself -you are trending so that you do not worsen the situation even more.

This article has been posted only for the purpose of recognizing for cognitive purposes and is not a medical scientific or professional medical material. For diagnosis and treatment, consult a doctor.